如果你正在管理debian或者ubuntu服务器,你也许会经常使用dpkg 或者 apt-get命令。这两个命令用来安装、卸载和更新包。
要检查特定的包,比如firefox是否安装了,使用这个命令:
dpkg -s firefox
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示例输出:
package: firefox status: install ok installed priority: optional section: web installed-size: 93339 maintainer: ubuntu mozilla team <ubuntu-mozillateam@lists.ubuntu.com> architecture: amd64 version: 35.0+build3-0ubuntu0.14.04.2 replaces: kubuntu-firefox-installer provides: gnome-www-browser, iceweasel, www-browser depends: lsb-release, libasound2 (>= 1.0.16), libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.12.4), libc6 (>= 2.17), libcairo2 (>= 1.2.4), libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.0.2), libdbus-glib-1-2 (>= 0.78), libfontconfig1 (>= 2.9.0), libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.37.3), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.24.0), libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.22.0), libpangocairo-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0), libstartup-notification0 (>= 0.8), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), libx11-6, libxcomposite1 (>= 1:0.3-1), libxdamage1 (>= 1:1.1), libxext6, libxfixes3, libxrender1, libxt6 recommends: xul-ext-ubufox, libcanberra0, libdbusmenu-glib4, libdbusmenu-gtk4 suggests: ttf-lyx conffiles: /etc/firefox/syspref.js 09e457e65435a1a043521f2bd19cd2a1 /etc/apport/blacklist.d/firefox ee63264f847e671832d42255912ce144 /etc/apport/native-origins.d/firefox 7c26b75c7c2b715c89cc6d85338252a4 /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox f54f7a43361c7ecfa3874abca2f292cf description: safe and easy web browser from mozilla firefox delivers safe, easy web browsing. a familiar user interface, enhanced security features including protection from online identity theft, and integrated search let you get the most out of the web. xul-appid: {ec8030f7-c20a-464f-9b0e-13a3a9e97384}
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如上所见,firefox已经安装了。
同样,你可以使用dpkg-query 命令。这个命令会有一个更好的输出,当然,你可以用通配符。
dpkg-query -l firefox
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示例输出:
desired=unknown/install/remove/purge/hold | status=not/inst/conf-files/unpacked/half-conf/half-inst/trig-await/trig-pend |/ err?=(none)/reinst-required (status,err: uppercase=bad) ||/ name version architecture description +++-====================================-=======================-=======================-============================================================================= ii firefox 35.0+build3-0ubuntu0.14 amd64 safe and easy web browser from mozilla
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要列出你系统中安装的所有包,输入下面的命令:
dpkg --get-selections
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示例输出:
abiword install abiword-common install accountsservice install acl install adduser install alsa-base install alsa-utils install anacron install app-install-data install apparmor install . . . zeitgeist install zeitgeist-core install zeitgeist-datahub install zenity install zenity-common install zip install zlib1g:amd64 install zlib1g:i386 install
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上面的输出可能会非常长,这依赖于你的系统已安装的包。
你同样可以通过grep来过滤割到更精确的包。比如,我想要使用dpkg命令查看系统中安装的gcc包:
dpkg --get-selections | grep gcc
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示例输出:
gcc install gcc-4.8 install gcc-4.8-base:amd64 install gcc-4.8-base:i386 install gcc-4.9-base:amd64 install gcc-4.9-base:i386 install libgcc-4.8-dev:amd64 install libgcc1:amd64 install libgcc1:i386 install
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此外,你可以使用“-l”参数来找出包中文件的位置。
dpkg -l gcc-4.8
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示例输出:
/. /usr /usr/share /usr/share/doc /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/readme.bugs /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/news.html /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/quadmath /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/quadmath/changelog.gz /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/gcc . . . /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-4.8 /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-4.8 /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-4.8
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以上就是Debian的Linux中怎么检查软件包是否被安装的详细内容,更多请关注小君博客其它相关文章!